Exogenous and endogenous

criminological factors in

crimes committed by inmates

of the National Penitentiary

Institute of Andahuaylas.

Factores criminológicos exógenos y

endógenos en los delitos cometidos

Cusco, Andahuaylas, Peru,

Professor of Criminology and Criminalistics at the

Universidad Tecnológica de los Andes.

gquispea@utea.edu.pe, https://orcid.org/0000-

0002-3162-7426

Javier José Arista Valdivia

Master in Communication and Marketing,

Universidad Católica de Santa María.

Docent jarista@ucsm.edu.pe , https://orcid.org/0000-

that led women to commit the crime from their own

perspective and try to call for social reflection. As a

researcher one of the functions is to look for the cause

of the problems by asking questions, posing

hypotheses and explaining the phenomena studied.

Like all research, not all answers are flattering; Some

questions asked fall short of the dimension of the

Keywords: factors, exogenous, endogenous, internal.

Resumen

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar los hallazgos de estudio realizado en el centro

penitenciario de Andahuaylas, sobre los factores criminológicos endógenos y exógenos

que llevaron a las mujeres a cometer el delito desde su propia perspectiva y tratar de

llamar a una reflexión social. Como investigador una de las funciones es buscar la causa

de los problemas a través de formularse preguntas plantearse hipótesis y explicar los

fenómenos estudiados. Como toda investigación no todas las respuestas son

lisonjeras; algunas preguntas formuladas quedan cortas, frente a la dimensión del

problema, de la investigación. Dicha investigación, es descriptiva estudia un problema

Introduction

Criminology is a scientific discipline, a set of objective, verifiable knowledge obtained

through observation, experimentation, which covers and studies in an interdisciplinary

way the criminality, which aims to explain its principles, causes, formulation,

verification and study of crime, crime, the offender, the victim and the means of social

control. Criminological factors are those external and internal causes that influence or

influenced some part of the offender's life, which led him to commit this criminal act,

therefore, each offender and there are different motivations that influenced and led

him to commit the criminal act.

sciences, the origin of crime, the causes of criminal behavior, these different sciences,

antisocial behaviors. (Quiroz, 1965, p. 3)

The woman, in the criminal world exists, to study this problem, is to open the way for

future research, although there is an index, low approximately 5 thousand women in

all the prisons of Peru, according to INEI figures, this figure is from the first national

penitentiary census, carried out in 2016, these at present, is not in accordance with the

reality of now. It must be taken into account, about what the United Nations

Therefore, this statistic would not be counted.

With reference to the above mentioned, there is a serious problem about the situation

of the prisons where women live, a problem with little knowledge in the negative

penitentiary world, where there are anti-values, corruption, without fulfilling one of

the most important purposes of the penalty, which is the resocialization, in turn

depriving many rights, not only that of the custodial sentence, but rights to other

related rights of women and their children, she being the most important pillar of the

family, in some cases violating the superior right of the child; Even though she is

allowed to be with the minor in the penitentiary institute, it does not have the

by all criminologists. Therefore, we can infer that women are always and everywhere

academics. (Escobar, Parra, & Flores, 2020).

We have to talk about violence and the rejection of violence against women, has been

one of the main banners of struggle of the feminist movement, which is why it is an

issue that has echoed for hundreds of years in the ears of humanity, however, it is in

recent decades that has gained more strength and value as a means of vindication for

women, who in their constant effort, despite the biting silencing, have been

consolidating a social movement, which has been positioned worldwide, from different

the implementation of reforms and promote the denunciation, disapproval and

rejection of abuse and other forms of violence. (Castiblanco & Perassi, 2020).

It should not be forgotten that currently women have been violated of many rights and

deprived in prisons, not only punished with imprisonment, but also as a unique being,

families.

aggressiveness and violence: while the first emanates as a natural process, among

eating, sexual drive, satisfaction of physiological needs and, consequently, of survival,

as its cause. Aggressiveness, expressed in the need constrained in stimuli, is not present

the role of the conscious and of the possibility, but only of the action. (Hernandez,

2019)

mainstreaming approach (GTA) and that it must be included within the normative

parameters; it is unavoidable to include a regulation with gender mainstreaming in

which there is true gender equality between men and women. (Xochithl, 2019) The

Gender Mainstreaming Approach (GTA), as a new parameter, comes from

international positions that have effectively recognized the requirement of gender

openness to strengthen structural relations between men and women.

According to the author Wael Hikal, he mentions that

The criminological factors, endogenous and exogenous, in the investigation are the

elements related to the conduct of the subject, which guides us in the concept of

knowledge, the reasons for antisocial behavior, endogenous factors can be somatic and

which the subject is surrounded.

Classification of endogenous criminogenic factors.

Endogenous factors are those that are born with the individual and act towards the

external environment, producing certain results. There are authors who establish a

relationship between the activity of the human organism and antisocial behaviors.

Endogenous causes are those that are shown in the body, and refer to changes in the

body structure and functioning, such as anomalies or defects and body diseases,

hereditary or acquired, anatomical anomalies, as referred by one of the greatest

exponents of criminology, Cesare Lombroso, who held the theory of the born criminal,

(the neighborhood, housing, the media, etc.). The natural and artificial environment

constitutes a constant stimulus to which the subject interacts continuously. (Gamboa

et al., 2019) (Hikal W. S., 2017)

Mario Bunge, rightly contributes his knowledge applicable to the subject, from which

it is determined that, when referring to endogenous and exogenous factors, and putting

the letter "and" between them means that: "the terms are closely linked, and that they

will give as a total, what results from the sum of both".

They are endogenous, those that are born with the subject and act towards the external

environment producing certain results. There is a relationship between the activity of

the organism and antisocial behaviors. For Solís Quiroga: "They are endogenous

changes in the structure and corporal functioning, as well as the anomalies or defects

of the women said no. 39.1% of the women surveyed have ever suffered violence, while

psychological mistreatment, 4.3% of the women surveyed have been victims of rape,

menstruating at the time of the crime, 13% of the women surveyed have never suffered

women surveyed suffered physical abuse at some time in their infancy, childhood or

of the Penitentiary Center of Andahuaylas, are immersed in the commission of the

not have a greater number of professionals, at all levels and modalities, the female

exogenous factors, These aspects are extremely important in the discussion of

different modalities, since they are pillars of the moral formation of children, within